Snake VEGF-F (Bothrops insularis)
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| Cat-Nr. | 300-096 |
| Size | 5 µg |
| Price | 180 € |
| Source | E. coli |
| Formulation | lyophilized |
| Purity Confirmation | > 95% by SDS-PAGE |
| Length [aa] | 124 |
| Molecular Weight | 27.6 kDa |
| N Terminal Sequence | MGQVMP |
| Endotoxin Levels | = 0.13 ng per µg of sv-VEGF-F |
| Biological Activity | Determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using a concentration range of 5-20 ng/ml. |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Buffer | 50mM acetic acid |
| Reconstitution | The lyophilized svVEGF-F is soluble in water and most aqueous buffers and should be reconstituted in PBS or medium containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin to a concentration not lower than 50 µg/ml. |
| Stability and Storage | Lyophilized samples are stable for greater than six months at -20°C to -70°C. Reconstituted svVEGF-F should be stored in working aliquots at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles! |
| Synonyms | snake venom VEGF |
| Description | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and its family proteins are crucial regulators of blood vessel formation and vascular permeability. Snake venom has recently been shown to be an exogenous source of unique VEGF (known as VEGF-F), and now, two types of VEGF-F with distinct biochemical properties have been reported. VEGF-Fs (venom type VEGFs) are highly variable in structure and function among species, in contrast to endogenous tissue-type VEGFs (VEGF-As) of snakes. Although the structures of tissue-type VEGFs are highly conserved among venomous snake species and even among all vertebrates, including humans, those of venom-type VEGFs are extensively variegated, especially in the regions around receptor-binding loops and C-terminal putative coreceptor-binding regions, indicating that highly frequent variations are located around functionally key regions of the proteins. Genetic analyses suggest that venom-type VEGF gene may have developed from a tissue-type gene and that the unique sequence of its C-terminal region was generated by an alteration in the translation frame in the corresponding exons. The svVEGF-F was identified during the generation of abundant expressed sequence tags from the Viperidae snake Bothrops insularis venom glands. The deduced primary sequence, after complete sequencing of the longest snake venom VEGF (svVEGF) cDNA, displayed similarity with vertebrate VEGFs and with the hypotensive factor from Vipera aspis venom. The mature svVEGF appears to be ubiquitously distributed throughout snake venoms and was also confirmed by Northern blot studies of other related Viperidae species and by cDNA cloning of svVEGF from Bothrops jararaca pit viper. The produced recombinant protein dimerizes after refolding processes and was biologically characterized, showing ability to increase vascular permeability. These results established that svVEGF is a novel and important active toxin during the early stages of bothropic snake bite envenoming and represents a new member of the VEGF family of proteins. |
| Protein Sequence | MGQVMPFMEVYRHSVCQTRETLVSILEEHPDEVSHIFRPSCVTALRCGGCCTDESLKCTATGKRSVGREIMRVDPHKGTSKTEVMQFTEHTDCECRPRSASGVNSRKHKRNPEEGEPRAKFPFV |
| Uniprot ID | Q90X24 |
| Protein RefSeq | AAK52102.1 |
| mRNA RefSeq | AY033151.1 |
Figures
SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant human VEGF-F. Samples were loaded in 15% SDS-polyacrylamide gel under non-reducing conditions and stained with Coomassie blue.
Transwell migration assay of svVEGF-F with hVEGF165 as control.
Dose-dependent stimulation of cell proliferation in primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLEC) by recombinant snake venom VEGF-F. Values are the means (±SD) of triplicate determinations and expressed as percentage of control.
Proliferation assay with HUVECs. Human VEGF165 was used as positive control. Although svVEGF-F (20 ng/ml) had a significant lower activity as human VEGF165 (5 ng/ml) it clearly induced the proliferation of HUVECs. Values are the means (±SD) of triplicate determinations and expressed as percentage of control.
Dose-dependent stimulation of proliferation in primary HUVECs by sv-VEGF-F. Values are the means (±SD) of triplicate determinations and expressed as percentage of control.
Confluent PAE/KDR cells were stimulated with 50ng/ml human VEGF165 (#300-036), human VEGF-C (#300-079), rat VEGF-C (#R20-015), Orf virus VEGF-E (#300-045) and snake venom VEGF-F (#300-097) for 10 min at 37°C. The IP was performed using an anti-human KDR antibody (#101-M32), WB with an anti-human KDR antibody (#101-M34) and an anti-Phosphotyrosine antibody.
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